On structural inelasticity of modal substitution in freight transport

At the European level there is an increasing focus on how freight transport can be moved from trucks on roads to more environmentally friendly modes such as rail and ship. A large proportion of the transport services between OD pairs, however, cannot be substituted since there is only one alternative available. The paper investigates the magnitude of this “structural inelasticity” of modal substitution in freight transport due to a sparser layout of rail and ship-based freight networks compared to road. In the analysis we use a recent Scandinavian freight demand model covering more than 800 zones. We find that the structural inelasticity is very significant - in particular for transportation over less than 500 km. Moreover, the inelasticity varies greatly with commodity groups and between OD pairs, and it depends strongly on the port and rail infrastructure. The results suggest that pure charging instruments (road pricing for trucks) in many regions will have limited mode substitution impacts. However, if combined with structural changes in terms of improved infrastructure for rail and ship, impacts may be greater.     

论高职高专学报校外核心作者群的建设

针对高职高专学报作者队伍科研素质不高且校内作者科研素质短时间难以改变的现状,提出了开发校外高素质作者、建设核心作者群的建议和措施,以期改善高职高专学报的作者队伍,提高刊物质量。     

目前企业思想政治工作面临的困境与相关对策分析

企业思想政治工作在企业的生产和经营中有着重要的作用,近年来,我国经济体制不断完善,各大企业在经营和管理上也逐渐趋于完善,然而在员工思想政治工作方面仍然存在着一些问题,为企业的思想政治工作效率的提高带来一些影响。本文就主要对目前企业思想政治工作所面临的困境和相关的对策进行简要的分析。     

陕西省羽毛球俱乐部消费群体结构及其消费特征研究

本研究运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、问卷调查法和数理统计法等方法对陕西省羽毛球俱乐部消费群体结构及其消费特征进行了调查研究,结果表明:①其中以中青年男性为主体,强身健体是陕西省羽毛球俱乐部羽毛球爱好者体育消费的首要目的。②消费次数比较适当,锻炼时间的长短也比较合理,购买力水平中等。陕西省羽毛球爱好者参与羽毛球运动呈良性发展。     

Understanding Equity in the Recreation User Fee Context

Equity is a major public concern related to recreation fees on public lands. The purpose of this study was to test a three-dimensional model of equity and to examine the perceptions of equity across demographic segments. Data were collected by a telephone survey with residents (N = 366) of two western states. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the three-dimensional equity model in a recreation fee context. People tended to support democratic equity more than compensatory equity. Greater support was shown for discounted fees for the elderly and persons with disabilities than for discounts for ethnic minorities, low income people, or large families, suggesting the possibility of two sub-dimensions of the compensatory equity construct. Overall, the results do not support that disadvantaged groups seek discounted fees.     

基于战略柔性的后方军械仓库群布局优化研究

简要介绍供应链战略柔性的定义,基于战略柔性提出了我军后方军械仓库群布局优化的方法与具体步骤,为后方军械仓库系统布局优化问题提供了理论支持与方案储备。     

和谐社会下高校特殊群体学生教育管理研究

随着和谐社会构建的深入和高等教育由精英教育向大众教育的转变,加强和改进大学生思想政治教育工作尤其是高校特殊群体学生的教育管理工作,是摆在高校学生教育管理者面前维持学校团结稳定重大课题。高校特殊群体大学生教育管理过程中凸显的亟需面对和解决的各类问题,更需要高校的思想政治教育工作者在新形势下对其教育管理方式方法作出新的尝试研究。     

Social networks and electronic commerce in China∗

Communications technologies that make up the emerging global information infrastructure have the power to regulate online behavior. Social networks in Chinese society have survived the growth of formal legal institutions and liberalization of China's economy, but it is not clear whether they can survive the regulatory pressures created by global information technology networks. The spread of electronic commerce technologies in China may strengthen legal institutions and open local markets to international competition, but is likely to be resisted by all the same interests that resist those changes in other contexts. The Chinese response to the spread of electronic commerce might take several forms: assimilation; marginalization; or localization of new forms of commercial activity that rely on new technologies.     

Strategic groups and performance in the Spanish hotel sector

This study uses the strategic group theory to identify business strategies and competitive advantages implemented by Spanish hotels, which are grouped together according to three variables (size, chain affiliation, and category) and the degree of development of the different business strategies. An analysis carried out with the aim of checking the potential existence of significant differences in performance among the strategic groups revealed that the highest performance levels are achieved by larger-sized, chain-affiliated, and higher-category hotels as well as by establishments which base their competitive advantage on category and capacity or size and internal management.     

Status of development,regulation and adoption of GM agriculture in Africa: Views and positions of stakeholder groups

The use of genetically modified (GM) crop technology in tackling food security problems and poverty reduction in Africa continues to generate debates over its benefits and safety. Only four countries, South Africa, Sudan, Burkina Faso and Egypt have commercialized GM crops in Africa but controversy surrounds current cultivation of GM maize in Egypt. Our study provides new perspectives on the status, development and regulation of GM crops through examining the views of 305 stakeholders in six African countries across four regions: South Africa, Kenya (East Africa), Egypt and Tunisia (North Africa), Ghana and Nigeria (West Africa), supplemented by interviews with relevant international organizations. The study revealed the challenges leading to the development of biosafety regulatory frameworks and the role of individual stakeholders in the facilitation of GM crops across African countries. This study also revealed that some countries may go through a Fiber–Feed–Food (F3) approach to adopt GM crops where Bt cotton will be adopted first followed by GM crops for livestock feed while undergoing all the necessary assessments before producing GM foods for human consumption. An overwhelming majority of stakeholders placed emphasis on risk analysis (risk assessment and management) in view of limited capacity, lack of scientific expertise and public concern, and encouraged a centralized approach to risk assessment similar to the European Union model of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).